{"id":1353,"date":"2014-03-06T02:23:40","date_gmt":"2014-03-05T19:23:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.itersdesktop.com\/?p=1353"},"modified":"2014-03-19T16:31:46","modified_gmt":"2014-03-19T09:31:46","slug":"tim-nhung-dong-chu-giong-nhau-giua-hai-van-ban-trong-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.itersdesktop.com\/vi\/2014\/03\/06\/tim-nhung-dong-chu-giong-nhau-giua-hai-van-ban-trong-linux\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00ecm nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef gi\u1ed1ng nhau gi\u1eefa hai v\u0103n b\u1ea3n trong Linux"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd g\u1eb7p t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng: t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eadp tin ch\u01b0a?\u00a0Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1ec7nh (ti\u1ec7n \u00edch) c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh m\u1edf Linux\/Ubuntu.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 theo d\u00f5i, gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 2 files c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

— File 1: apps.txt —
\ngimp
\nlibreoffice
\ncalibre – a free book management
\ndropbox
\ncopy
\nunikey
\ngoogle chrome
\nfirefox<\/p>\n

— File 2: clients.txt —
\ndropbox
\ncopy
\nopenoffice
\nmatlab
\nGoldenDict
\nemacs
\nunikey<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea3i hai t\u1eadp tin c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o nhanh hai files nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

nvntung@labs:~\/Copy$ cat > apps.txt
\ngimp
\nlibreoffice
\ncalibre - a free book management
\ndropbox
\ncopy
\nunikey
\ngoogle chrome
\nfirefox
\nnvntung@labs:~\/Copy$ cat > clients.txt
\ndropbox
\ncopy
\nopenoffice
\nmatlab
\nGoldenDict
\nemacs
\nunikey<\/code><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Trong Linux\/Ubuntu, l\u1ec7nh (ti\u1ec7n \u00edch) comm \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00edch ra nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong file n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong file kia v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 trong hai file. C\u00fa ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

nvntung@labs:~\/Copy$ comm file1 file2
\nUsage: comm [OPTION]... FILE1 FILE2
\nCompare sorted files FILE1 and FILE2 line by line.<\/code><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3, hai file ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Minh h\u1ecda cho l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta th\u1eed tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi:<\/p>\n

“C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 (trong file clients.txt<\/strong>) m\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty (trong file apps.txt<\/strong>) ch\u01b0a c\u00f3?”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

B\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u1ec7nh comm<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

nvntung@labs:~\/Copy$ comm clients.txt\u00a0apps.txt<\/code><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ecb tr\u00ean 3 c\u1ed9t. C\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng duy nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong file \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (clients.txt<\/strong>). C\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 hai hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng duy nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong file th\u1ee9 hai (apps.txt<\/strong>). V\u00e0 c\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ba hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 hai file.<\/p>\n

\"comm
comm command to find similar lines between two files in Linux\/Ubuntu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a hai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ecb tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • emacs, GoldenDict, matlab, openoffice<\/em> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (d\u00f2ng) ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n duy nh\u1ea5t trong file clients.txt<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • calibre – a free book management, firefox, gimp, google chrome, libreoffice<\/em> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (d\u00f2ng) ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 duy nh\u1ea5t \u1edf c\u00f4ng ty trong file apps.txt<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • copy, dropbox, unikey<\/em> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (d\u00f2ng) c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 hai file.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00f9y bi\u1ebfn l\u1ec7nh comm<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

    Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 1, 2 v\u00e0 3. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tham s\u1ed1. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau:<\/p>\n

    N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n xem nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong file th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t th\u00ec s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng -23 (Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb ra c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng duy nh\u1ea5t trong file th\u1ee9 2 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau chung c\u1ee7a hai file; d\u1ea5u – \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 tr\u1eeb c\u1ed9t 2 v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t 3)<\/span><\/p>\n

    N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n xem nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong file th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t th\u00ec s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng -13 (Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb ra c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng duy nh\u1ea5t trong file th\u1ee9 1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau chung c\u1ee7a hai file; d\u1ea5u – \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 tr\u1eeb c\u1ed9t 1 v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t 3)<\/p>\n

    N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n xem nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau chung xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai file \u00a0-12 (Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb ra c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng duy nh\u1ea5t trong file th\u1ee9 1 v\u00e0 file th\u1ee9 2, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau chung c\u1ee7a hai file).<\/p>\n

    H\u00e3y xem minh h\u1ecda v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a hai file apps.txt<\/strong> v\u00e0 clients.txt<\/strong> qua h\u00ecnh b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi:<\/p>\n

    \"Minh
    Minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a l\u1ec7nh comm<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    T\u00f4i hi v\u1ecdng l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u00edch cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00fac c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd g\u1eb7p t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng: t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eadp tin ch\u01b0a?\u00a0Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1366,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[174,189,176],"tags":[428,55,424,427,429],"class_list":["post-1353","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-linux","category-terminal","category-ubuntu","tag-comm","tag-command-line","tag-matching-lines","tag-text-processing","tag-tien-ich"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.itersdesktop.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1353","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.itersdesktop.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.itersdesktop.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.itersdesktop.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.itersdesktop.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1353"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.itersdesktop.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1353\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3214,"href":"https:\/\/www.itersdesktop.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1353\/revisions\/3214"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.itersdesktop.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1366"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.itersdesktop.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1353"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.itersdesktop.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1353"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.itersdesktop.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1353"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}